1. Projection of straight line
Line inclined to both HP & VP
Type-I
Given projections (FV & TV) of the line. To find True length & true
inclination of the line with HP (θ) and with VP(Φ).
PROBLEM
End A of a line AB is 15mm above HP & 20mm in front of VP while
its end B is 50mm above HP and 75mm in front of VP. The distance
between end projectors of the line is 50mm. Draw projections of the
line and find its true length and true inclination with the principal
planes. Also mark its traces.

2. b’ b1’
θ: True inclination of
the line with HP = 24º
50
a’ b2’ α : Inclination of FV of
θ α the line with HP/XY
HT VT’ 15
X Y
v
h’
50
Ø: True inclination of
20
Φ β b1 the line with VP = 41º
a
β : Inclination of TV of
75 the line with VP/XY
b b2

3. Line inclined to both HP & VP
Type –II
Given (i) T.L., θ and Ø,
(ii) T.L., F.V., T.V.
to draw projections, find α, β,H.T. and V.T.
PROBLEM
A line AB, 70mm long, has its end A 15mm above HP and 20mm in front
of VP. It is inclined at 30 to HP and 45 to VP. Draw its projections and
mark its traces.

4. b’ b1’
a’ 30
HT b2’
15 VT’ Y
X
h’ v
20
b1
a 45
b2
b

5. Q10.11 The top view of a 75mm long line AB measures 65mm,while its front
view measures 50mm. Its one end A is in HP and12mm in front of VP. Draw the
projections of AB and determine its inclination with HP and VP
To draw FV &TV of the line
Given, Hint: Draw ab1=65mm // to XY.
AB
TL=75mm,TV=65mm,FV=50mm Because when TV is // to XY, FV
To find θ & Ø gives TL.
A is in HP & 12mm→VP b’ b1’
Ans. θ=31º
Ans. Ø=49º
a’
X Y
31º
12
65 b1
a
49º
b b2

6. Q10.12 A line AB, 65mm long has its end A 20mm above H.P. and 25mm in
front of VP. The end B is 40mm above H.P. and 65mm in front of V.P. Draw the
projections of AB and show its inclination with H.P. and V.P.
Given, To draw FV &TV of the line Hint1:Mark a’ 20mm above
AB H.P & a 25mm below XY
TL=65mm
To find θ & Ø
A is 20mm ↑ HP & 25mm →V.P. b’ b1’ Hint2:Draw locus of b’ 40mm
B is 40mm ↑ & 65mm → V.P. above XY & locus of b 65 mm
below XY
a’ b2’
40
18º
20
X Y
25
38º Ans. θ=18º
b1
a 65
Ans. Ø=38º
b b2

7. Q10.13:The projectors of the ends of a line AB are 5cm apart. The end A is
2cm above the H.P and 3cm in front of V.P. The end B is1cm below H.P. and
4cm behind the V.P. Determine the true length and traces of AB, and its
inclination with the two planes
Given,
To
A0B0=50mm find, True
A is 20mm ↑ HP & 30mm →V.P. Length, θ,Ø, H.T. and V.T.
B is 10mm ↓ & 40mm ← V.P.
b b2
a’
40
HT b2’
20
VT’
v
X h’ Y
50
10
b’ 20º
30
Ans. θ=20º
a 50º b1
Ans. Ø=50º

8. Q10.14:A line AB, 90mm long, is inclined at 45 to the H.P. and its top view
makes an angle of 60 with the V.P. The end A is in the H.P. and 12mm in front
of V.P. Draw its front view and find its true inclination with the V.P.
b’
Given, b1’
T.L.=90mm, θ=45º, β=60º A
is in the H.P. & 12mm→V.P.
To find/draw,
F.V.,T.V. & Ø
Ans. Ø = 38º
a’
X Y
45º
12
b1
60º 38º
a
b b2

9. Q10.16:The end A of a line AB is 25 mm behind the V.P. and is below
the H.P. The end B is 12 mm in front of the VP and is above the HP The
distance between the projectors is 65mm. The line is inclined at 40 to
the HP and its HT is 20 mm behind the VP. Draw the projections of the
line and determine its true length and the VT
Given, To find/draw,
A0B0=65mm F.V., T.V., T.L., VT’
A is 25mm ←V.P.& is ↓H.P. B
is 12mm →V.P. & is above HP θ
= 40º b’ b1’
b2’
VT’
a
b1
HT
25
b2
20
X h’
v
Y
12
40º
a’
b
65

10. 10.17:A line AB, 90mm long, is inclined at 30 to the HP. Its end A is 12mm above the HP and
20mm in front of the VP. Its FV measures 65mm. Draw the TV of AB and determine its
inclination with the VP
b’ b1’
a’
30
12
X Y
20
44 b1
a
Ans: Ø = 44º
b b2

11. Q10.23:Two lines AB & AC make an angle of 120 between them in their FV & TV. AB is
parallel to both the HP & VP. Determine the real angle between AB & AC.
C
c2 ’ c1 ’
c’
112 Ans. 112º
b’ 120 a’
X Y
b a
c2 c1
120
c

12. Q8:A line AB 65 mm long has its end A in the H.P. & 15 mm infront of the V.P.The end B is in
the third quadrant. The line is inclined at 30 to the H.P. and at 60 to the V.P. Draw its
projections.

13. Q10.19 A line AB, inclined at 40º to the V.P. has its end 50mm and 20mm above the H.P.
the length of its front view is 65mm and its V.T. is 10mm above the H.P. determine .the
true length of AB its inclination with the H.P. and its H.T.
Given, To find,
Ø = 40º, A is 20mm↑HP, B TL, θ & HT
is 50 mm ↑ HP, FV=65mm, VT is
10mm ↑ HP
b1’ b’
a’
50
b2’ 21º HT
VT’
20
10
X Y
40º v h’
b1 Ans,
a
TL = 85
mm, θ = 21º
& HT is 17
mm behind VP
b2

14. Q6. The top view of a 75mm long line CD measures 50 mm. C is 50 mm in front of the VP &
15mm below the HP. D is 15 mm in front of the VP & is above the HP. Draw the FV of CD &
find its inclinations with the HP and the VP. Show also its traces.
Given, To draw,
TL = 75 mm, FV =50 FV & to find θ & Ø
mm, C is 15mm ↓ HP & 50
mm → VP, D is 15 mm → VP d1’
d’
Hint 1: Cut anarc of 50 mm
from c on locus of D
Hint 2: Make TV (cd), // to XY
so that FV will give TL
X Y
15
d2
d Ans: Ø=48º
c’ Locus of D
50
Ø=48º Ans: θ=28º
θ=28º d1
c

15. Q10.10 A line PQ 100 mm long is inclined at 30º to the H.P. and at 45º to the V.P. Its
mid point is in the V.P. and 20 mm above the H.P. Draw its projections, if its end P is in
the third quadrant and Q is in the first quadrant.
Given,
To draw,
TL = 100, θ = 30º, Mid point M is
20mm↑HP & in the VP FV & TV
End P in third quadrant &
End Q in first quadrant
q’ q1’
p2 p
p2’ m’ q2’
30º
20
p1
X Y
m q2
p1’ p’
q q2